Basel Institute on Governance

Policy Brief 8: It takes a network to defeat a network – What Collective Action practitioners can learn from research into corrupt networks

This Policy Brief distils recommendations for Collective Action practitioners based on empirical insights on certain forms of corruption involving private-sector actors.

Field research carried out in Tanzania and Uganda produced detailed case studies that show how informal networks link private and public sector actors to pursue common illicit goals, such as gaining an unfair business advantage, avoiding a sanction, decreasing taxes owed or jumping the queue at the point of delivery of public services. Corruption, most often bribery, is the currency that works to cement and nurture those networks.

This Policy Brief is based on that research and a series of in-depth interviews with Collective Action practitioners working in Africa, Eastern Europe and Latin America. The goal is to extract insights from what we have learned about the networks that fuel corruption and discuss implications for anti-corruption Collective Action initiatives.

About this Policy Brief

This publication is part of the Basel Institute on Governance Policy Brief series, ISSN 2624-9669.

It is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Suggested citation: Baez Camargo, C., Costa, Hans,V., J., Koechlin, L. and Wannenwetsch, S. (2021) It takes a network to defeat a network: What Collective Action practitioners can learn from research into corrupt networks. Policy Brief 8, Basel Institute on Governance.

The research underpinning this Policy Brief was funded by the Global Integrity Anti-Corruption Evidence Programme, funded with UK Aid from the British people.

Related publications

Research case study

Research Case Study 6: Sextortion – an unaddressed form of corruption and sexual abuse

2023 | Basel Institute on Governance

Johanna Schönberg

Research case study

Research Case Study 5: Harnessing behavioural approaches against corruption

2023 | Basel Institute on Governance

Claudia Baez Camargo, Saba Kassa
informal networkssocial normsbehavioural researchanti-corruption messaging

Guidelines

Translating political economy insights into conservation practice: a six-step guide

2023 | Targeting Natural Resource Corruption (TNRC) project

Micol Martini, Saba Kassa

Research case study

Research case study 4: Deconstructing a criminal network involved in illegal wildlife trade between East Africa and Southeast Asia

2023 | Basel Institute on Governance

Jacopo Costa
social network analysisnetwork ethnographyillegal wildlife tradeinformal governanceEast AfricaSoutheast Asia

Article

Organisational forms of corruption networks: the Odebrecht-Toledo case

2023 |

David Jancsics, Jacopo Costa
social network analysismoney launderingorganised crimecriminal networks

Working paper

Working Paper 47: Conflict of interest legislation in Brazil, South Korea and the European Union: International case studies

2023 | Basel Institute on Governance

Jacopo Costa
conflicts of interest

Working paper

Working Paper 45: Strategic anti-corruption communications – Guidance for behaviour change interventions

2023 | Basel Institute on Governance

Claudia Baez Camargo, Johanna Schönberg
behaviour changeanti-corruption interventionsanti-corruption messaging

Research case study

Research Case Study 3: Exposing the networks behind transnational corruption and money laundering schemes

2023 | Basel Institute on Governance

Jacopo Costa
social network analysisnetwork ethnographyinformal governancecorruption researchmoney launderingoffshore structuressecrecy jurisdictions

Research case study

Research case study 2: Leveraging informal networks for anti-corruption in East Africa

2023 | Basel Institute on Governance

Claudia Baez Camargo, Saba Kassa, Jacopo Costa
informal networksinformal governancesocial normsbehavioural research

Research case study

Research case study 1: Targeting corrupt behaviours in a Tanzanian hospital: A social norms approach

2023 | Basel Institute on Governance

Claudia Baez Camargo

How political economy analysis can support corruption risk assessments to strengthen law enforcement against wildlife crimes

2022 | Targeting Natural Resource Corruption (TNRC) project

Saba Kassa, Jacopo Costa, Cosimo Stahl, Claudia Baez Camargo

Commissioned study, Report

Behavioural insights and anti-corruption: Executive summary of a practitioner-tailored review of the latest evidence (2016–2022)

2022 | Basel Institute on Governance

Cosimo Stahl
anti-corruptionsocial normsbehaviour changerealist synthesisbehavioural insights

Commissioned study, Report

Using behavioural insights to reduce gift giving in a Tanzanian public hospital: Findings from a mixed-methods evaluation

2022 | Basel Institute on Governance

Claudia Baez Camargo, Violette Gadenne, Veronica Mkoji, Dilhan Perera, Ruth Persian, Richard Sambaiga, Tobias Stark
anti-corruptionhealth carebehavioural approaches

Commissioned study, Report

Adopting a peer-led approach to disseminate anti-corruption messages: Results of the network survey

2022 | Basel Institute on Governance

Tobias Stark
social network analysisbehavioural insights

Report

Using behavioural insights to reduce gift-giving in a Tanzanian public hospital Findings from a mixed-methods evaluation

2022 |

Claudia Baez Camargo, Violette Gadenne, Veronica Mkoji, Dilhan Perera, Ruth Persian, Richard Sambaiga, Tobias Stark
behavioural insights

Article

Informal networks as investment: A qualitative analysis from Uganda and Tanzania

2022 | Governance (Wiley-Blackwell on behalf of the IPSA Structure and Organization of Government Committee)

Claudia Baez Camargo, Jacopo Costa, Lucy Koechlin
informal networksinformal governanceanti-corruptionsocial normsbehavioural research

Working paper

Working Paper 40: Developing anti-corruption interventions addressing social norms: Lessons from a field pilot in Tanzania

2022 | Basel Institute on Governance

Claudia Baez Camargo
social normsbehavioural insights

Article, Commissioned study

Working Paper 39: Behavioural drivers of corruption facilitating illegal wildlife trade – Problem analysis and state of the field review

2022 | Basel Institute on Governance; TRAFFIC

Claudia Baez Camargo, Gayle Burgess
natural resource managementillegal wildlife tradesocial normsbehavioural insights

Policy brief

Policy Brief 9: Informal networks and what they mean for anti-corruption practice

2022 | Basel Institute on Governance

Claudia Baez Camargo, Jacopo Costa, Saba Kassa
informal networksanti-corruptionanti-corruption evidenceEast AfricaCollective Actioncorruptioninformal governance

Quick guide

Quick Guide 23: Informal networks and anti-corruption

2022 | Basel Institute on Governance

Jacopo Costa, Claudia Baez Camargo, Saba Kassa, Cosimo Stahl
informal governanceinformal networkssocial network analysissocial normsbehavioural insights